5 Tips for Making the Most of Your Journal Submission Cover Letter

5 Tips for Making the Most of Your Journal Submission Cover Letter Whether you plan to publish your research in a top-tier journal or in a lesser known publication, writing an impactful cover letter is a must. Editors use these letters to sift through the mounds of manuscripts they receive on a weekly basis and will judge the merits of your abilities as a researcher and writer based on them. In shortâ€"a cover letter is your opportunity to make the editor want to read more.In this article, Im going to cover five useful tips for making the most of the opportunity to catch an editors attention with a well-written cover letter.A well-written cover letter is the best way to get an editors attention if you want to publish your research in an academic journal. Photo by Andisheh A on Unsplash.Do your researchAcademic and peer-reviewed journals vary in their reach and audience. Some might publish a broad scope of topics but most are focused on certain fields of study, which means that editors know exactly what will fit in their publication and what wont. Se nding your research to a journal without knowing their audience is a waste of time and effort, particularly if your research is outside of the journals scope.Research of the publications goals and aims, as well as prior studies they have published, will go a long way in ensuring that you dont waste your time (or the editors). Taking the time to do some background research will help you plan which journal you should send your manuscript to and which journal will be most likely to publish it.In the same sense, you should find out all you can about the person who will be reading your cover letter and making a decision on whether to include it in the publication. For example, you should address the editor by name in the salutation. If you dont know the editors name, find a recent copy of the publication or go online to look it up. It also never hurts to call the journal and ask who the editor is and make sure you have the name spelled correctly. Addressing the editor as Dear Madam or De ar Sir, or addressing your letter to a prior editor of the publication shows that havent done the legwork needed to find the best fit for your research.After youve introduced the title of your paper, the author(s), and what type of research it is (a case study, review, etc.), it will be important to focus on why you think your work is a good fit for the publication. If the journal has published research related to the topic youve chosen, point that out by writing the title(s) and the date published. If they have published a study that calls for additional research on a certain topic and your study fulfills that aim, point that out as well. If your study fills a gap in the literature, let the editor know.Publications often have specific requests of information to be included with a manuscript or in your cover letter. Ultimately, editors of academic journals want to know that your manuscript will be worth their time if they decide to read it. They need to look at your cover letter and recognize that you are professional, a good writer, a solid researcher, and able to follow directions. If you fail to include the specific details theyve requested, your credibility as a researcher could be damaged before theyve even looked at your research. It doesnt matter how great your research isâ€"it might not make it past the gatekeepers of academic journals if your cover letter is a mess.Include all relevant informationWhile different publications might have specific requests for information that needs to be included in a submission, there are certain things that are standard requirements for a cover letter written to an academic journal editor. These are:The title of your manuscriptThe author(s) of your manuscriptA statement noting that your manuscript has not been previously published and you havent sent it to any other editors for considerationThe background of your studyThe research question you sought to answer in your studyThe methodology you used in your researchThe significance of your research and why it will be useful information to the journals audienceThe name of the journal and why you chose this particular one to submit your work toIf you fail to include the last detail, you run the risk of making your cover letter sound more like a form document that could be sent to any journal. Editors want to know that youve put in the time to find the best publication in which to publish your study. It gives them confidence that your research will be solid and interaction with you, as a writer, will be a smooth process.Keep it brief, professional and error freeYour journal submission cover letter is not the place to go into detail about your academic experience and publishing credits. Its also not the place to name drop, humor the editor, or present an abstract of your research. If the editor is interested in reading more about your research, he or she will have the manuscript to do so. Name dropping will make you seem unprofessional and unable to g et your work published on its own merits.Additionally, your manuscript should be free of grammar errors or spelling mistakes. Even the slightest error could mean losing credibility with the editor, because they know if youve carelessly put together a cover letterâ€"the one document that should sell your manuscriptâ€"youve likely dont the same with your paper. And no journal editor wants to make extensive corrections to an authors writing. It only makes their job harder and is an unattractive prospect.Carefully reviewing your cover letter for errors could make the difference between being published or passed over. Photo by Bruce Mars from Pexels.Consider following a templateA cover letter for submitting your manuscript to academic journals should be in business letter format, single-spaced, with blank lines between paragraphs. Dont indent the beginning of each paragraph and dont use a font that is difficult to read. Letterhead may be used and a date should be included, along with the standard return address and recipients address.Below is a template to work around to create your journal submission letter. Keep in mind that journals have different requirements and will typically list these submission guidelines on their website. For example, some journals want you to include potential reviewers for your manuscript, along with their contact information. This template should be adapted to include everything they request, as well as specific, brief information about your research and why its important for it to be made available to their readers.Your nameYour street addressCity, State zip codeYour phone numberYour email addressDateThe editors nameThe journals nameThe journals street addressCity, State zip codeDear Ms/Mr. [editors last name],Thank you for the opportunity to submit my original research article entitled [name of article] for your consideration for publication in [name of journal]. In focusing on [the research question of your study], this work builds on prior studies on [background information related to your research]. Through [briefly discuss your methodology], I believe it fills a gap in the literature by [summarize the significance of your research].In the June 2018 issue of [the name of the journal], you published a study by [authors name] that called for additional research in [your area of expertise]. This manuscript answers that call by presenting various case studies related to [your area of study/research and additional details about your manuscript].[Journal name] seeks to [discuss the scope or vision of the journal] and this research fulfills that aim. It has not been published and is not under consideration elsewhere because I believe your readers are the best audience for it. [Briefly explain why their readers would benefit from reading your work.]Should you find my research appropriate for your publication, I would like to suggest the following reviewers:[Names and contact information of reviewers]Thank you for yo ur consideration and I look forward to your response.Sincerely,[Your name]Get someone else to look over itFor researchers, publication in a top-tier journal is an achievement that can mean significant exposure and credibility. Many higher education professors must publish in a peer-reviewed journal in order to gain tenure or even keep their job. These reasons alone should suggest that a cover letter to an academic journal is one document that can make a lot of difference in your life, career, and future. Its not a task to take lightly and should be given the time and attention needed to get it perfect.With this in mind, it is always a good idea to have someone else look over itâ€"preferably a professional copyeditor who is familiar with what needs to go into the letter to make it shine. If you know others who have been successful in getting their research published, either in the journal to which you are applying or elsewhere, go to them for advice on your cover letter. They might h ave the exact suggestion you need to make sure the editor pays attention.

Sierra Leone From Colonialism to Neocolonialism Essay

Colonialism is a feature of European expansion that took control of territory and people across the world starting in the 16th century. The last wave of colonialism was in Africa during the late nineteenth century, and these African colonies did not gain independence until the end of World War II. Decolonization was followed by years of economic, political, and social instability that made living conditions worse for the individuals in society. In this era of globalization, the economic strength of Western powers has created a new type of imperialism over the developing nations. A growing inequality gap between rich and poor countries has resulted in lower living standards in areas such as Sub-Saharan Africa, where a majority of the†¦show more content†¦Freetown was one of the first West African colonies of Great Britain, and it is now the capital of Sierra Leone. Like other African nations that had been colonized, the people of Sierra Leone struggled for independence for al most 300 years. Colonies of Great Britain in West Africa gained independence between 1956 and 1968. Sierra Leone gained independence in 1961 with the help of chief minister Sir Milton Margai, and his political party, the Sierra Leone People’s Party. In the years that have followed Sierra Leone’s independence from Great Britain, the country has remained underdeveloped, and poverty has lowered the quality of life for Sierra Leoneans. During the decolonization movement, many imagined that their African colonies would prosper after independence. But in a short period after the colonizers left Africa, hopes of a better life within their nations were shattered by political, economic, and social instability. In Gerald A Danzer’s Atlas Of World History, he explains that the idea of development after decolonization did not seem impossible until the frailty of political structures within their societies became a reality: According to the visions of the decolonization move ment, political stability and economic development were to proceed hand in hand once independence was achieved. As the African economies matured, they would shed their colonial character and the resulting benefits would result in improved standards of living.Show MoreRelatedAbstract. The Research Examines The Social, Economic And1704 Words   |  7 Pagesand political effect of colonialism in West Africa. A critical view of the activities carried in the study to explain the social, economic and political effect of colonialism, and a qualitative of the growth rate of the West Africa countries were examined. The study therefore concludes that colonialism greatly had an impact in the growth of the countries in the selected West Africa countries. 1.0 Introduction Our research study will focus more on the effect of colonialism in Western part Africa byRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesRastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala

Beowulf Battle Comparison - 1293 Words

Josh Lessin Ms. Schroder English IV Honors 9-21-17 Beowulf Battle Comparison In his three major battles, Beowulf fights for many different reasons. His motivation varies, and as he grows older and wiser his attitude toward these battles also changes. Throughout the epic, Beowulf bradoshously beats Grendel, then more methodically murders Grendel’s mother, and with his last breathes humbly hollers for help to slay the dragon. This shows that Beowulf’s early focuses of glory and riches changes as he becomes a weathered warrior acknowledges that he cannot defeat his enemies alone and must utilize the resources provided to him such as armor, magical items, and companions. Hrothgar, King of the Danes, opens up the story after multiple attacks†¦show more content†¦He ripped off the monster’s arm as Grendel escaped wounded beyond repair. Beowulf kept the arm, hanging it from the rafters as a trophy to remember the brave warrior by. He basked in the praise the Danes heaped on him, finally bearing the rewards he seeked; glory and gold. Beowulf’s triumphs are short lived due to another attack on Herot. This time, Grendel’s mother comes to the great mead hall to avenge her son. The battle between Grendel’s mother and Beowulf differs greatly from the previous battle with the beast’s son. After another attack, Beowulf now must seek out his new enemy, and fight her on her own turf. As it stood, the scores were even between the monsters and the Danes, but Beowulf now looked for victory over the monsters, not revenge. Beowulf also had to regain his reputation. He had just won a trophy, when the bigger, badder bully came up to him and took it straight from his grasp. Now Beowulf traveled to the burning lake, which proved a test of its own. He then swam to the bottom of the lake where the monster resided. All of this just to get to the monster shows that this brave hero would do anything to set the scores right for his people and for the glory that came with it. Once Beowulf descends into the creature’s home, he realizes this monster is too powerful to take down with his fists alone. Taking the blade forged by giants off theShow MoreRelatedBeowulf Essay : Battle Comparison1266 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf essay: Battle comparison In the poem â€Å"Beowulf† the protagonist encounters three enemies of large proportions: Grendel the serpent, Grendel’s Mother, and a Dragon. All these creatures pose a large and terrifying threat that need a special protagonist to fight what the land’s strongest warriors could not accomplish. Before monks wrote this fabled tale in the form of a poem, Beowulf captured the attention of its listeners and teach them lessons about their cultural society and how to act inRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Beowulf And The Evil 1555 Words   |  7 Pages2016 The Good in Beowulf and the Evil in the Monsters Beowulf is considered to be the oldest surviving poem that is preserved to date. The poem is believed to date back to about the eighth century, and the written manuscript in the eleventh century (Bjork and Obermeir 17; Neidorf 119). Also, Beowulf is commonly believed to be set in Scandinavia before the migration to Britain, even though there are Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian cultural influences that are apparent when reading the poems storylineRead More Comparing Two Heros - Beowulf and Odysseus Essays618 Words   |  3 PagesHeros - Beowulf and Odysseus Reading through Beowulf I began to compare it to the last great epic I read, Homer’s Odyssey. While the Odyssey and Beowulf are each examples of both historic and modern ideas of heroism, the acts of Beowulf’s hero seem to fit better within its context. Beowulf exhibits many obvious heroic qualities, such as his strength and confidence in battle. These along with more subtle diplomatic actions serve to define him as both a great warrior and leader. Beowulf showsRead More Comparison of Beowulf and Rustam in as Heroes Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesA COMPARISON OF RUSTAM AND BEOWULF Shahnameh or Epic of the Kings was written about ninth or tenth cetury AD by Iranian epic poet ,Ferdowsi, who was a Muslim . Ferdowsi write about a hero,Rustam whose religion during his time was Zoroastrianism. Zoroastrianism believed in God and the life after death . The religion of the writer and Rustam (Islam and zoroastrianism) have so many things in common . their beliefs about god in life were somehow the same .Rustam fights for his people and his countryRead MoreBeowulf vs. Gilgamesh1212 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf Vs. Gilgamesh The two cultures I chose to compare heroic values for are the ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Anglo-Saxon cultures. The texts I used in the comparison are Gilgamesh for Mesopotamia and Beowulf for Anglo-Saxon. Although they posses many similar heroic characteristics they also differ greatly. Beowulf is the earliest surviving epic poem written in a modern European language. It was written in Old English sometime before the tenth century A.D. The poem describes the adventuresRead MoreBeowulf Analysis1047 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf is the hero in the poem by the same name. Throughout the poem Beowulf faces three battles, with Grendel, with Grendel’s mother and a dragon. Beowulf is already a seasoned warrior when he encounters his first demon in the poem, and he only gains more experience as the story goes on. Beowulf faces monsters and politics throughout the story of self-preservation, revenge and learning. Though the three beasts have similarities, Beowulf’s attack and battle with each of them is different. GrendelRead MoreBeowulf and the 13th Warrior Comparison885 Words   |  4 PagesThe Comparison of â€Å"Beowulf† and â€Å"13th Warrior† Beowulf is an epic poem written a long time ago. The 13th Warrior is pretty much a movie based on Beowulf but not exactly. The two pieces of literature both shared a lot of differences and similarities as well. The 13th Warrior offered a more realistic, believable, and more understanding of the epic tale of Beowulf. It’s a short story covering the bases of a triumphant hero battling three supernatural monsters. But there had a lot of theatrical remakeRead MoreA World Without Women : Why Beowulf Needs Women Characters1562 Words   |  7 Pages A World Without Women: Why Beowulf Needs Women Characters If there were no women in our world, our world would be drastically different. There would be no men born; men that are destined to be great warriors and kings would not exist. If there were no women in our world, there would be more war and less peace. There would be loneliness and less joy. Women are the heart and soul of our society. Without women, everything would fall apart. The roles of women in Beowulf are not vast: give birth, getRead MoreEssay about A Comparison of Beowulf and Sir Gawain794 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of Beowulf and Sir Gawain A hero is someone who is idealized for his courage and noble qualities. Beowulf and Sir Gawain can certainly be called heroes. They both have many qualities that are expected of heroic knights and warriors. They are both brave, gallant, and skilled men, but are they the perfect heroes their people believe them to be? While they are portrayed as perfect heroes and they possess many heroic qualities, Beowulf and Sir Gawain are far from perfect. Beowulf andRead MoreAnalysis Of Beowulf s Beowulf 968 Words   |  4 PagesSchroder English IV 21 September 2017 Battle Comparison Beowulf is a story about the quests and battles that the main character, Beowulf, endures. Though he faces many challenges, he is able to overcome them because of his superhuman strength and braveness. During the story, Beowulf fights three beasts: Grendel, Grendel’s Mother, and a Dragon. With the strength of 30 men in each hand grip, magical weapons, and the support of Wiglaf, his right hand man, Beowulf is able to defeat all three beasts, but

Pragmatic Peculiarities of the Utterances with Subjunctive Mood free essay sample

Study of pragmatic types of sentences is an important sphere of linguistic studies, as the knowledge of language requires not only ability to build up sentences (language competence), but also ability to use them correctly in speech acts in order to achieve needed communicative-functional result (communicative competence). The subject matter of this research is the pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Subjunctive Mood in the Modern English language. The aim of this research is to investigate the pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Subjunctive Mood in the Modern English language by means of analytical examination of the modern English literary texts. The matter of the peculiarities of pragmatic types of sentences with Subjunctive Mood in the modern English language has been investigated Ð ¾n the basis of the detective novel â€Å"Tell me your Dreams† by Sidney Sheldon, popular American writer of the 20th-21st century. Proceeding from the aim of the research, there were a number of concrete tasks set to be carried out: 1) to describe the pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Subjunctive I; 2) to describe the pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Subjunctive II; 3) to describe the pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Suppositional Mood; 4) to describe the pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Conditional Mood. The results of this investigation proved the current relevance and the novelty of the study. The current relevance of the topic of the research is conditioned by the necessity of overall theoretical viewing the category of modality and the systematization of the means of its expression in the Modern English language. Despite the large number of theoretical works by domestic and foreign researches devoted to the issue of modality, this question requires constant reconsideration by means of analytical investigation of the modern literary texts. Therefore, the lack of scientific enlightenment of the issue of mood as one of the means of expressing modality in the Modern English language motivated the choice of the topic of this course paper. The novelty of the course paper is conditioned by the fact that the problem of defining the Subjunctive Mood has aroused a large number of contradictions in the Modern English language. That is for the reason that the verb form expressing suppositional action may coincide with the form of Indicative Mood. Thus, the analytical investigation of the modern literary text with the object of using in it the utterances with Subjunctive Mood allows to follow the ways of practical usage of the grammatical category of mood as a means of expressing modality. In theoretical part consisting of three chapters such questions as the notion of modality, the definition, sense and circle of meanings of this category; the types of modality and ways of its expression; the notion of pragmatics and pragmatic types of sentences were examined. In practical part, which consists of five chapters, according to the aim of the course paper, there were considered solutions to number of issues, such as: description of pragmatic peculiarities of the utterances with Subjunctive I, Subjunctive II, Suppositional Mood and Conditional Mood. In the basis of the analysis were the classification of pragmatic types of sentences by G. G. Pocheptsov and the theoretical works of foreign and Ukrainian linguists. In course of analysis of the text with the object of using in it the utterances with Subjunctive Mood has been counted the percentage of number of the sentences with Subjunctive I, Subjunctive IІ, Suppositional Mood and Conditional Mood: 1,2%, 24,4%, 2,8% and 71,4%. This gives grounds to state that the Conditional Mood form is the most widely used form of Subjunctive Mood in the modern English language. By means of the method of continuous selection, 242 examples of the utterances with Subjunctive Mood have been classified in accordance with G. G. Pocheptsov’s classification of pragmatic types of sentences. As a result of analysis it was revealed that only 3 (1. 2%) of 242 found utterances were the examples of usage of Subjunctive I. It was also exposed, that these utterances corresponding to constative type of sentences by form, in speech realization receive the illocutionary meaning of injuctive. In such cases, the incentive sense of the sentence was not expressed by the imperative form of addressing, that is why the injuctive concealed meaning emerged from the context of situation. In the text under analysis have been found 173 examples with Conditional Mood, which composes 71,4% of the total number of utterances with Subjunctive Mood. It was revealed that majority of utterances according to their commucative-intentional content completely corresponded to pragmatic type of constative. Nevertheless, along with this, there was a certain number of constative by form, affirmative utterances, the content of which expresses injuctive and requestive intention. Apart from the constatives, among the expressions with Conditional Mood, there was a number of quesitives found. The peculiarity of this pragmatic type expression is ambiguity of an utterance, thus about 30% of all the quesitives with Conditional Mood in the novel, being interrogative by form, carried hidden injuctive and constative intention. [=I bet you would like to know! ] [=He has nothing to say to her. ] A separate chapter was dedicated to the issue of pragmatic transposition of sentences. This phenomenon is a typical feature of dialogue speech, as a sentence endowed with formal indications of one pragmatic type, may acquire an illocutionary meaning of another. As a result of analytical comprehension of the text, it was established that about 15% of all the utterances with Subjunctive Mood in the novel â€Å"Tell me your Dreams† by S. Sheldon were transposed into categorically not characteristic field of usage: constatives as requestives: constatives as promisives: [=I promise I will attract you. ] quesitives as requestives: quesitives as injuctives: [=Stop talking about it now! ] This gives grounds to state, that according to pragmatic approach, the sentences of one and the same structural type may appear completely different. As a result of analysis, we have come to the conclusion, that the great majority of all the utterances with Subjunctive Mood in the Modern English language constitute constatives and quesitives, less numerous are requestives, injuctives and menancives, and in the rarest usage are promisives and performatives. The reason for this is that Subjunctive Mood, as the indicator not of a real fact, but only of desire, supposition, suggestion, demand, doubt or condition the realization of which is doubtful, impossible or possible, a bit narrows the spectrum of utterances’ pragmatic tints.

Mis †Walmart Essay Example

Mis – Walmart Essay Introduction A Management information system ( MIS ) is a system or procedure that provides information needed to pull off organisations efficaciously. Management information system gives the concern directors the information that they need to do determinations. Early concern computing machines were used for simple operations such as tracking stock list. charge. gross revenues. or paysheet informations. with small item or construction but now yearss it has been replaced by the advanced techniques like ERP. EPM. SCM and SAP. Management information systems are distinguishable from regular information systems in that they are used to analyse other information systems applied in operational activities in the organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Mis – Walmart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mis – Walmart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mis – Walmart specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer History OF WALLMART Sam Walton who is a man of affairs from ARKANASAS. get down his bearer with retail industry and started working on June 3. 1940. On July 2 1962 he opened first walmart price reduction metropolis shop located in ARKANASAS. Walmart is one of the most technically advanced companies in the universe and ground behind this is handiness of accurate and up to day of the month information which intern a footing of its growing in the market. And for roll uping the accurate information on clip it is necessary that direction should continuously reexamine the information. which is possible merely by an integrated direction system. Walmart became one of the first companies in retail sector to utilize MIS. MIS IN DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISATION: 1. Operations: In the universe of retailing. Wal-Mart has what is considered to be the most sophisticated distribution system called Retail Link. This system connects each shop with central offices and over 2. 000 providers so that they will neer run out of or hold excessively much stock list. Wal-Mart bends over their stock list more than any other retail shop. The current challenge exists with providing their abroad shops. particularly while this is the country that they are concentrating on turning. In order to go more efficient abroad. Wal-Mart has started is on Customss Brokering division to take attention of its planetary procurance. which saves them brokering and freight forwarding fees. and besides gives them more control. They have besides started to request strongly that their providers besides be physically located in the states where Wal-Mart is to better provide them. Procurement of stuff Walmart is a majority buyer and they follow centralised purchased system. so the company straight procure the stuffs from makers therefore extinguishing all the mediators and jobbers. This is indispensable to cut down the cost and offer best pricing. They foremost find out the possible provider and so after acquiring monetary values from everyone the will make up ones mind eventually harmonizing to the cost construction of the offer. For expeditiously pull offing this information wall marketplace uses EDI theoretical account ( electronic informations interchange ) it is fundamentally a computing machine based system of walmart in this system the computing machines of providers and sellers are connected with walmart. EDI enables supplier to download purchase order along with shop to hive away gross revenues information related to their merchandise like no of merchandise sold. no. of merchandise received. As provider receives the information about gross revenues of assorted merchandise s. the provider shipped the needed goods to different walmart distribution Centres. Basically it is a high velocity integrating system between provider and walmart and which is really helpful in doing the procedure fast and efficient. Transportation system A company owned transit system besides assists Wal-Martin transporting goods from warehouse to hive away in less than 48 hours. This allows Wal-Mart to refill the shelves 4 times faster than its competition. Wal-Mart owns the largest and most sophisticated computing machine system in the private sector. It uses a MPP ( massively parallel processor ) computing machine system to track stock and motion which keeps it abreast of fast alterations in the market. Information related to gross revenues and stock list is disseminated visits advanced satellite communications system. MPP is fundamentally used to track the motion of goods and stock degree and information for this is transmitted through advanced orbiter communicating system. So when the information about motion of goods is transmitted it automatically bring forth the information and base on balls it on to transit section and from there the logistic installation is ensured. Inventory direction Wal-Mart invested to a great extent in IT A ; communicating system to efficaciously track gross revenues and ware stock lists in shops across all the mercantile establishments in the state. For this company needs to hold first-class communicating system. And Walmart is utilizing the technique of PRETTY DARN QUICK DISPLAY ( PDQ ) TECHNIQUE. In this technique the company asked its providers to transport goods inshore-ready shows called reasonably darn quick ( PDQ ) shows. Goods were packed in PDQ shows that arrived at the shops ready to be boarded on the racks. WalMart’s employees could straight replace the empty racks at the shops with to the full packed racks. alternatively of replenishing each and every point at the racks. HUB AND SPOK SYSTEM – in the early1970s. Wal-Mart became one of the first retailing companies in the universe to centralise its distribution system. open uping the retail hub-andspoke system. Under the system. goods were centrally ordered. assembled at a monolithic warehouse. known as distribution centre · ( hub ) . from where they were dispatched to the person shops ( radius ) . The hub and radius system enabled Wal-Mart to accomplish important cost advantages by the centralised buying of goods in immense measures. And besides the used of RFID engineering ( radio frequence designation ) this technique is used to replace the saloon cryptography technique and increase the efficiency of employees because with this employees are no longer requires to physically scan the saloon codification therefore it better efficiency and cut down the stock outs. Reordering Wal-Mart built an automated reordering system associating computing machines between Procter A ; Gamble ( P A ; G ) and its shops and distribution Centres. The computing machine system sends a signal from a shop to P A ; G placing an point low in stock. It so sends a resupply order. via orbiter. to the nearest P A ; G mill. which so ships the point to a Wal-Mart distribution Centre or straight to the shop. This interaction between Wal-Mart and P A ; G is a win-win proposition because with better coordination. P A ; G can take down its costs and go through some of the nest eggs on to Wal-Mart. Thus walmart is expeditiously utilizing the MIS to accomplish efficiency and cost minimisation. 2. Selling FUNCTION ( MIS ) Selling activities are directed toward be aftering. advancing. and selling goods and services to fulfill the demands of clients and the aims of the organisation. Marketing information systems support determination doing sing the selling mix. These include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Product Price Place Promotion Beginnings of Data and Information for Selling: Boundary-Spanning and Transaction Processing Subsystems A selling information system relies on external information to a far greater grade than other organisational information systems. It includes two subsystems designed for boundary crossing – conveying into the house informations and information about the market place. The aim of marketing research is to roll up informations on the existent clients and the possible clients. known as chances. The designation of the demands of the client is a cardinal starting point for entire quality direction ( TQM ) . Electronic commercialism on the WEB makes it easy to roll up statistics on existent purchaser behavior. Marketing research package supports statistical analysis of informations. It enables the house to correlate purchaser behavior with really elaborate geographic variables. demographic variables. and psychographic variables. Marketing ( competitory ) intelligence is responsible for the assemblage and reading of informations sing the firm’s rivals. and for the airing of the competitory information to the appropriate users. Most of the rival information comes from corporate one-year studies. media-tracking services. and from studies purchased from external suppliers. including online database services. The Internet has become a major beginning of competitory intelligence. Marketing Mix Subsystems The selling mix subsystems support determination doing sing merchandise debut. pricing. publicity ( advertisement and personal merchandising ) . and distribution. These determinations are integrated into the gross revenues prognosis and selling programs against which the ongoing gross revenues consequences are compared. Merchandise Subsystem The merchandise subsystem helps to be after the debut of new merchandises. Continually conveying new merchandises to market is critical in today’s competitory environment of rapid alteration. Although determinations sing the debut of new merchandises are unstructured. information systems support this procedure in several ways: ? ? ? ? ? Professional support systems assist interior decorators in their cognition work DSSs are used to measure proposed new merchandises With a DSS. a selling director can hit the desirableness of a new merchandise. Electronic meeting systems help convey the expertness of people dispersed in infinite and clip to bear on the job Information derived from marketing intelligence and research is critical in measuring new merchandise thoughts. Topographic point Subsystem The topographic point subsystem assists the determination shapers in doing the merchandise available to the client at the right topographic point at the right clip. The topographic point subsystem helps be after the distribution channels for the merchandise and track their public presentation. The usage of information engineering has dramatically increased the handiness of information on merchandise motion in the distribution channel. Promotion Subsystem The publicity subsystem is frequently the most luxuriant in the selling information system. since it supports both personal merchandising and advertisement. Media choice bundles assist in choosing a mix of avenues to carry the possible buyer. including direct mail. telecasting. print media. and the electronic media such as the Internet and the WEB in peculiar. The effectivity of the selected media mix is monitored and its composing is continually adjusted. Database selling relies on the accretion and usage of extended databases to section potency clients and make squad with individualized promotional information. The function of telemarketing. selling over the telephone. has increased. Telemarketing calls are good supported by information engineering. Gross saless direction is exhaustively supported with information engineering. Customer profitableness analysis helps place high-profit and high-growth clients and aim selling attempts in order to retain and develop these histories. Gross saless force mechanization involves fiting sales representative with portable computing machines tied into the corporate information systems. This gives the sales representative instantaneous entree to information and frees them from the coverage paperwork. This increases selling clip and the degree of public presentation. Access to corporate databases is sometimes accompanied by entree to corporate expertness ; either by being able to reach the experts or by utilizing adept systems that help stipulate the merchandise meeting client demands. Monetary value Subsystem Pricing determinations find a grade of support from DSSs and entree to databases that contain industry monetary values. These extremely unstructured determinations are made in chase of the companies pricing aims. General schemes range from net income maximization to waiving a portion of the net income in order to increase a market portion. Information systems provide an chance to finely section client groups. and bear down different monetary values depending on the combination of merchandises and services provided. every bit good as the fortunes of the sale dealing. Gross saless Forecasting Based on the planned selling mix and outstanding orders. gross revenues are forecast and a full selling program is developed. Sale prediction is an country where any quantitative methods employed must be tempered with human penetration and experience. The existent gross revenues will depend to a big grade on the kineticss of the environment. Qualitative techniques are by and large used for environmental prediction – an effort to foretell the societal. economic. legal. and technological environment in which the company will seek to recognize its programs. Gross saless calculating utilizations legion techniques. which include: ? ? ? Group determination doing techniques are used to arouse wide adept sentiment Scenario analysis in which each scenario in this procedure is a plausible hereafter environment Extrapolation of tendencies and rhythms through a time-series analysis. 3. Finance For the financial twelvemonth stoping January 31. 2011. Wal-Mart reported a net income of $ 15. 4 billion on $ 422 billion of gross with a 24. 7 percent gross net income border. The corporation’s international operations accounted for $ 109. 2 billion. or 26. 1 per centum. of entire gross revenues. It is the world’s 18th largest public corporation. harmonizing to the Forbes Global 2000 list. and the largest public corporation when ranked by gross. Walmart on an mean hire about 10000 employees every twelvemonth and on opening every individual shop Walmart employees 300 new employees. Their chief beginning of financess is there gross revenues and basic outgo goes on constructing new shops and employees salary. Job Hierarchy at Wal-Mart Human Resources Wal-Mart is the largest non-government employer in the universe. They realize that turnover is high in retail. but that their associates are one of their most of import assets. Their written policy sing associates is as follows: they are encouraged to keep the highest criterions of honestness. morality. and concern ethics . In order to go a Wal-Mart associate. campaigners must take a multiple-choice trial and choose what are considered the appropriate Wal-Mart responses in order to be hired. Due to the fact that Wal-Mart strives to maintain their costs low. they do non offer high rewards. They exist on many parttime and impermanent workers. do non offer these employees benefits. and do non pay their employees plenty to populate on. Wal-Mart has a 20-30 % cost advantage over competition. as their labour is non nonionized. Besides facing current judicial proceeding for non paying employees for overtime there are and have been several instances sing favoritism on the footing of gender ( female ) that females are frequently non hired or promoted to be directors.

Demonstrate the impact of changing cost and revenue data on the breakeven point of a selected business Essay Example

Demonstrate the impact of changing cost and revenue data on the breakeven point of a selected business Essay Example Demonstrate the impact of changing cost and revenue data on the breakeven point of a selected business Essay Demonstrate the impact of changing cost and revenue data on the breakeven point of a selected business Essay Breakeven analysis can also be used to show how risky a business might be if the revenues or costs are not as originally predicted. Mia has considered a range of alternative scenarios where the cost and revenue are different to her original figures. Changes in fixed costs No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs Total Costs Revenue Profit/ Loss 0 1350 0 1350 0 (1350) 2000 1350 3000 4350 6000 1650 4000 1350 6000 7350 12000 4650 6000 1350 9000 10350 18000 7650 8000 1350 12000 13350 24000 10650 10000 1350 15000 16350 30000 13650 12000 1350 18000 19350 36000 16650 14000 1350 21000 22350 42000 19650 16000 1350 24000 25350 48000 22650 18000 1350 27000 28350 54000 25650 In the table above I can see the fixed costs have increased to 1,350. The fixed costs in the original sheet were 1,200. The differences between the two sums are à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150. The Variable costs stay the same in the two sheets, but the total costs are different. In the original sheet the total cost of 2000 customers is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4200, but in this sheet the total is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4350. The revenue stays the same for both sheets but the last column (profit/loss) will change. On the original sheet the profit/ loss for 6000 customers is 7800, whereas this sheet is 7650. The break even formula is Fixed cost (Selling price- Variable costs per unit) 1350 - à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 The breakeven point is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½900 No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs Total Costs Revenue Profit/ Loss 0 1125 0 1125 0 (1125) 2000 1125 3000 4125 6000 1875 4000 1125 6000 7125 12000 4875 6000 1125 9000 10125 18000 7875 8000 1125 12000 13125 24000 10875 10000 1125 15000 16125 30000 13875 12000 1125 18000 19125 36000 16875 14000 1125 21000 22125 42000 19875 16000 1125 24000 25125 48000 22875 18000 1125 27000 28125 54000 25875 In the table above I can see the fixed cost have decreased to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1125 per month, in the original sheet it was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1200 pounds and has decreased by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½75. The variable costs and the revenue are the same as originally predicted but the total cost and the profit/ loss has changed a lot. The total cost on the original sheet for 16000 customers was 25200 and the total cost for 16000 customers when the fixed cost is 1125 is 24000 pounds. The profit/ loss for the original, is for 8000 customers the profit is 10800 and for my new table my profit/ loss for 8000 customers is 10875. The break even calculation is: 1125 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50 The break even point is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½750 No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.75 Total Costs Revenue Profit/ Loss 0 1200 0 1200 0 (1200) 2000 1200 3500 4700 6000 1300 4000 1200 7000 8200 12000 3800 6000 1200 10500 11700 18000 6300 8000 1200 14000 15200 24000 8800 10000 1200 17500 18700 30000 11300 12000 1200 21000 22200 36000 13800 14000 1200 24500 25700 42000 16300 16000 1200 28000 29200 48000 18800 18000 1200 31500 32700 54000 21300 Changes In variable costs In the graph above the variable costs have increased to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.75, in the original table the variable cost was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50. The fixed cost and the revenue is the same as the original, but the total cost and profit/ loss is different. In the original table the total cost for 18000 customers was 28200 and the total cost in the table above for 18000 customers is 32700. There is a big difference in the table above compared to the original. 1200 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.75= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.25 The break even point is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½960 No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.75 Total Costs Revenue Profit/ Loss 0 1200 0 1200 0 (1200) 2000 1200 3500 4700 6000 1300 4000 1200 7000 8200 12000 3800 6000 1200 10500 11700 18000 6300 8000 1200 14000 15200 24000 8800 10000 1200 17500 18700 30000 11300 12000 1200 21000 22200 36000 13800 14000 1200 24500 25700 42000 16300 16000 1200 28000 29200 48000 18800 18000 1200 31500 32700 54000 21300 No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.40 Total Costs Revenue Profit/ Loss 0 1200 0 1200 0 (1200) 2000 1200 2800 4000 6000 2000 4000 1200 5600 6800 12000 5200 6000 1200 8400 9600 18000 8400 8000 1200 11200 12400 24000 11600 10000 1200 14000 15200 30000 14800 12000 1200 16800 18000 36000 18000 14000 1200 19600 20800 42000 21200 16000 1200 22400 23600 48000 24400 18000 1200 25200 26400 54000 27600 In the table above the fixed cost is the same as the original, but the variable cost has decreased to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.40. The revenue is the same as original but the total costs and profit/ loss is different. On the original sheet the total cost for 6000 customers is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10200 and in the table above at 6000 customers the total cost is 9600. So the difference between the two is 600. The profit/ loss on the original sheet are lower than the table above because on the original sheet at 10000 customers the profit/ loss are 13800, and on the table above the profit/ loss are at 14800. So the difference is 1000. 1200 - à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.40= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.60 So the breakeven point is 750. Changes in Revenue No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs Total Costs Revenue à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.50 Profit/ Loss 0 1200 0 1200 0 (1200) 2000 1200 3000 4200 7000 2800 4000 1200 6000 7200 14000 6800 6000 1200 9000 10200 21000 10800 8000 1200 12000 13200 28000 14800 10000 1200 15000 16200 35000 18800 12000 1200 18000 19200 42000 22800 14000 1200 21000 22200 49000 26800 16000 1200 24000 25200 56000 30800 18000 1200 27000 28200 63000 34800 The table above shows a change in the revenue. The original revenue was à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.00, but the table above is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.50. The fixed and variable costs are the same as the original, but the Revenue is different. The profit/ loss are different because in the original table at 14000 customers the profit/ loss are 19800 and in the table above the profit/ loss for 14000 customers are 26800. 1200 - à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.50- à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.50= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.00 The breakeven point is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½600 No of Customers Fixed costs Variable Costs Total Costs Revenue à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.70 Profit/ Loss 0 1200 0 1200 0 (1200) 2000 1200 3000 4200 5400 1200 4000 1200 6000 7200 10800 3600 6000 1200 9000 10200 16200 6000 8000 1200 12000 13200 21600 8400 10000 1200 15000 16200 27000 10800 12000 1200 18000 19200 32400 13200 14000 1200 21000 22200 37800 15600 16000 1200 24000 25200 43200 18000 18000 1200 27000 28200 48600 20400 The table above has a revenue of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.70. The fixed and variable costs are the same as the original table. The revenue is different so at 8000 customers the original the revenue is 24000, and on the table above at 8000 customers the revenue is 21600.

Ornitholestes - Facts and Figures

Ornitholestes - Facts and Figures Name: Ornitholestes (Greek for bird robber); pronounced OR-nith-oh-LEST-eez Habitat: Forests of western North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155-145 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 5 feet long and 25 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Slender build; long hind legs About Ornitholestes Discovered in 1903, Ornitholestes was given its name (Greek for bird robber) by the famous naturalist Henry F. Osborn before paleontologists had grappled with the evolutionary origin of birds. Its certainly possible that this slender theropod preyed on the proto-birds of the late Jurassic period, but since birds didnt really come into their own until the late Cretaceous, its more likely that Ornitholestes feasted on small lizards and the carrion left over by larger carnivores. Whatever the case, theres not much fossil evidence to support either supposition: unlike the situation with its close cousins Coelophysis and Compsognathus, remains of Ornitholestes are few and far between, necessitating a large amount of guesswork. Ornitholestes reputation as a bird-eater has much in common with Oviraptors reputation as an egg-stealer: these were inferences drawn on the basis of insufficient knowledge (and in the case of Ornitholestes, the myth was perpetuated by a famous painting by Charles R. Knight depicting this dinosaur preparing to eat a captured Archaeopteryx). Theres still a lot of speculation about Ornitholestes: one paleontologist suggests that this dinosaur snatched fish out of lakes and rivers, another maintains that (if Ornitholestes had hunted in packs) it might have been capable of taking down plant-eating dinosaurs as big as Camptosaurus, and yet a third believes that Ornitholestes may have hunted by night, in a deliberate attempt to avoid (and outfox) its fellow theropod Coelurus.